Nanoparticles’ and Atoms’ Geometry-Wave Potential Quantified and Unified Properties

By quantizing the surface-to-volume ratio into a wave-number, this work has introduced a geometro-wave (GW) energy that fits linearly with atoms' and nanoparticles "size-dependent" properties of many types. The data linear fittings consistently support that nanoparticle's atomistic nature is the surface atom-layering that resembles the atom surface electron-layering and governs both atoms and nanoparticles geometry-dependent properties.