The exploration of photoanode materials with high efficiency and stability is the

eternal pursuit for the realization of practically solar-driven photoelectrochemical

water splitting. Here we develop a novel deficient ternary metal sulfide (CdIn2S4)

as photoanode, and its PEC performance is significantly enhanced by introducing

surface S vacancies, achieving a photocurrent density of 5.73 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V vs.

RHE and 1 Sun and an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.49% at 0.477

V vs. RHE, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the record-high values for a

single sulfide photon absorber to date. The experimental characterizations and

theoretical calculations highlight the enhanced effect of surface S vacancies on the

interfacial charge separation and transfer kinetics, and also demonstrate the

restrained surface states distribution and the transformation of active sites after

introducing surface S vacancies. This work may inspire more excellent work on

developing sulfide-based photoanodes.

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