Solid State Synthesis of Enzyme and Hydrogen-bonded Organic Framework Biocomposites

Hydrogen-bonded Organic Frameworks (HOFs) emerged as a matrix for preparing higly active and stable enzyme biocomposites in biocompatible synthesis conditions. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of mechanochemistry and accelerated aging processes can be used to synthesize HOF biocomposites with improved enzyme loading, activity, and protection. Advanced characterization techniques, including in situ Wide Angle X-ray Scattering and Transmission Electron Microscopy, provide insights into the formation mechanisms and structural properties of these biocomposites. A comparative analysis with biocomposites prepared via conventional solution synthesis reveals that vapor-induced growth enhances protein loading, ensures a more homogeneous enzyme distribution, and improves protective properties due to distinct growth mechanisms and kinetics. This simple and green synthetic approach could provide a valid alternative toward other protein@HOF biocomposites and unprecedented HOF-based materials.