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Abstract
We synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and associated them with Reduced Graphene Oxides (rGO) to create rGO-ZnONCs using ultrasonication. The ZnONPs and rGO-ZnONCs nanocomposites have average diameters of approximately 29.11 nm and 12.5 nm, respectively. A set of characterization tools was used to examine the synthesized nanocomposites. The optical parameters were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-visible). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the chemical composition of the nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) pattern revealed the existing planes and their crystallized sizes. High-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) provided detailed information about the nanocomposites' structure, size, and interplanar distances. Next, electrophoretic deposition techniques were used to deposit ZnONPs and rGO-ZnONCs nanocomposites onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass substrates. These fabricated material electrodes were further used to immobilize enzymes using physical and chemical methods. The newly fabricated UOx/ZnONPs/ITO and UOx/rGO-ZnONCs/ITO bioelectrodes showed a wide linear range from 0.005 to 1.0 mM, with limits of detection (LOD) of 0.13 µA/mM and 0.09 µA/mM, respectively. The UOx/ZnONPs/ITO bioelectrode exhibited a 25.98 µA/mM current. In comparison, the UOx/rGO-ZnONCs/ITO bioelectrode showed a higher current of 32.76 µA/mM, demonstrating its higher sensitivity and indicating the excellent electroactive nature of carbon-based materials.
Supplementary materials
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Supplementary file
Description
Figure 1S. (a-b) Cyclic voltammetry studies as a function of scan rate from 10-100 mVs-1 for UOx/ZnONPs/ITO and UOx/rGO-ZnONPs/ITO bio-electrode conducted in 50 mM PBS (pH 6.4) containing 5 mM [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- redox species. [Inset image: anodic peak current and cathodic peak current vs. square root of the scan rate].
Figure 2S. Cyclic voltametric response in variation of current (Ip) and square root of scan rate value (υ1/2), (a) for UOx/ZnONPs/ITO bioelectrodes, (b) for UOx/rGO-ZnONPs/ITO bio-electrodes.
Figure 3S. Variation between current response (Ip) and square root (υ) in terms of log, (a) for UOx/ZnONPs/ITO bioelectrodes, (b) for UOx/rGO-ZnONPs/ITO bio-electrodes.
Figure 4S. Interference analysis of (a) UOx/ZnONPs/ITO and (b) UOx/rGO-ZnONPs/ITO bio-electrode conducted in 50 mM PBS (pH 6.4) containing 5 mM [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- redox species.
Figure 5S. Shelf-life study of UOx/rGO-ZnONPs/ITO bio-electrode conducted in 50 mM PBS (pH 6.4) containing 5 mM [Fe (CN)6]3-/4- redox species.
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