Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks as Solid-State Nanomachines

Machines have continually developed with the needs of daily life and industrial applications. While the careful design of molecular-scale devices often displays enhanced properties along with mechanical movements, controlling mechanics within solid-state molecular structures remains a significant challenge. Here, we explore the distinct mechanical properties of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) – frameworks that contain hidden mechanical components. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches, we uncover the machine-like capabilities of ZIFs, wherein connected composite building units (CBUs) operate similarly to a mechanical linkage system. Importantly, this research suggests that certain ZIF subunits act as core mechanical components, paving an innovative view for the future design of solid-state molecular machines.