Experimental Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectra of Methyl Thiocyanate in Water and Organic Solvents

Thiocyanates, nitriles, and azides represent a versatile set of vibrational probes to measure structure and dynamics in biological systems. The probes are minimally perturbative, the nitrile stretching mode appears in an otherwise uncongested spectral region, and the spectra report on the local environment around the probe. Nitrile frequencies and lineshapes, however, are difficult to interpret, and theoretical models that connect local environments with vibrational frequencies are often necessary. However, the development of both more accurate and intuitive models remains a challenge for the community. The present work provides an experimentally consistent collection of experimental measurements, including IR absorption and ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra, to serve as a benchmark in the development of future models. Specifically, we catalog spectra of the nitrile stretching mode of methyl thiocyanate (MeSCN) in fourteen different solvents including non-polar, polar, and protic solvents. Absorption spectra indicate that π interactions may be responsible for observed lineshape differences between aromatic and aliphatic alcohols. We also demonstrate that a recent Kamlet-Taft formulation describes the center frequency MeSCN. Further, we report cryogenic infrared spectra that may lead to insights into the peak asymmetry in aprotic solvents. 2D IR spectra measured in protic solvents serve to connect hydrogen bonding to static inhomogeneity. We expect that these insights, along with the publicly available dataset, will be useful to continue advancing future models capable of quantitatively describing the relation between local environments, lineshapes, and dynamics in nitrile probes.