Eco Enzyme-Enhanced Constructed Wetlands for Greywater Treatment: Fixing Indonesia’s Onsite Treatment of Domestic Wastewater

In many developing countries such as Indonesia, many cities lack centralized wastewater treatment plants to treat greywater. As a result, greywater is often directly discharged into water bodies without treatment, disrupting aquatic ecosystems by eutrophication and jeopardizing the health of rural communities that depend on these resources for clean water. Some greywater treatment systems exist but most of these projects require support from third parties and have high initial costs. One cost-effective and sustainable solution is to use constructed wetlands, which are artificial wetland systems engineered to treat sewage through natural processes. Constructed wetland mechanisms may be improved by the use of ornamental flowering plants and eco enzymes to increase efficiency and rate of contaminant removal. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different ornamental flowering plant species and the use of eco enzymes on the removal rate of parameters such as COD, TSS, TDS, Ammonia, and pH. This paper presents the results and analysis of a 2- week study that determines the type of constructed wetland that resulted in the treated water with parameters that fulfil Indonesia’s domestic wastewater standard requirements. This type of constructed wetland is recommended to be implemented at the household, community or central (city) level to mitigate improper greywater disposal in developing countries.