Unfolding Potential of Click Chemistry in Bioconjugation: A Review

The application of click chemistry, specifically Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) and Strain-Promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (SPAAC), in bioconjugation has shown tremendous promise in various biomedical fields. This comprehensive review aims to dissect and explore the significant potential of these click chemistry techniques in bioconjugation. We begin by discussing the fundamental principles and advantages of CuAAC and SPAAC in bioconjugation, emphasizing their unique kinetics, biocompatibility, and selectivity. The paper then navigates the landscape of current research, identifying emerging trends and proposing prospective paths for the application of click chemistry in bioconjugation. We focus on the broad applicability of these techniques in diagnostics, imaging, and therapeutic strategies, including the construction of antibody-drug conjugates, the creation of prodrugs, and the design of targeted drug delivery systems. The review concludes by projecting an optimistic future for click chemistry in bioconjugation, indicating its potential to revolutionize personalized medicine, tissue engineering, and even branches of environmental science and sustainability. We weave our analysis with the latest scholarly research, providing substantial backing to our findings and potential directions for future exploration.