Bottlenecks and challenges to produce 2G biodiesel with oleaginous microorganisms and lignocellulose. A review.

Lignocellulose as carbon source and oleaginous microorganisms including yeast, bacterium and fungi, has been studied extensively for oil and biodiesel production, however several bottlenecks and challenges still remain stuck biodiesel production with oleaginous seeds vegetable and commercial oil production from oleaginous microorganisms actually is not cost-effective and sustainable. Recently electric vehicles global market has increased, but some human activities requires heavy good vehicles for aviation and shipping, and biodiesel is necessary for powering those vehicles. In first stage of oil bioprocess is to get rich-sugars liquor from lignocellulose, but is highly difficult because lignin affect enzyme activity and oleaginous microorganism growth due to is a toxic compound, then hydrolysis is a process that easily could be fall out by several changes in adequate conditions that sometimes is almost impossible has the control as the strain ability to produce enzymes or cellulose polymerization degree by origin of lignocellulose. The oil production in the bioprocess is a challenge too, because fermentations of oleaginous microorganisms is aerobic this mean need constant oxygen supply consuming energy, besides lipid production is low and the lipid yield decrease in the extraction process. In this small review discuss about those troubles related to sustainable lipid production with oleaginous microorganisms and lignocellulose as carbon source.