Synthesis and Evaluation on the Performance of Ferrofluid in Wastewater Treatment

Water contamination is created by industrial and agricultural development and is a primary source of water pollution. Iron oxides and magnetite are examples of IONPs with a high surface area and adsorption capacity that can easily bind to numerous molecules, allowing them to remove pollutants such as turbidity, metals, organic debris, and bacteria from aqueous effluents.To further understand the interaction of magnetite with bacterial cells, functional groups on the surface of bacteria were investigated. Ferrofluids are a simple and environmentally friendly method of removing harmful germs from water streams. The ideal cell:magnetite ratio was 1:50, which removed bacterial cells from E. coli, P. putida, and M luteus with 94.8% and 99.7%, respectively.In addition The removal efficiency of ferrofluid alone was found to be the highest at 98% among all the other combinations tested in effective turbidity decrease. The most important details of the study are that magnetite has a maximum efficiency of 98% decrease in turbidity ., and that effective removal of most metals from water using magnetite and magnetic separation was achieved at 300 mg/l magnetite. Finally, the study looked at the capabilities of various types of oils to act as carriers and how they can increase microplastic removal effectiveness. The best formulation for ferrofluid preparation was discovered to be 1:2.5 (volume of oil) utilizing lubricating oil, which successfully eliminated 99% of microplastics from the aqueous medium.