Satellite-transition double cross-polarization HETCOR under fast MAS

Double-cross polarization to the satellite-transitions (STs) of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei is demonstrated using proton-detected heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) under fast magic-angle spinning (MAS). By placing the rf frequency away from the central-transition (CT) and selective to the STs, average Hamiltonian theory shows a scaled effective rf field with a phase equal to the complex ST spinning sideband being irradiated. Such an effective rf field can excite and spinlock STs but the phase spread usually leads to signal cancellation in one-step excitation or cross polarization experiments. The cancellation does not occur for two-step double cross-polarization (DCP) HETCOR experiments such that high efficiencies can be obtained. With careful magic-angle calibration, ST and double-quantum ST (DQST) HETCOR experiments are demonstrated with the 35Cl nuclei in histidine·HCl·H2O. These experiments provide additional information over the commonly observed CT spectra and near isotropic resolution in the case of DQST of spin S = 3/2 quadrupolar nuclei.