Electronic structure of NdO via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of NdO¯

Electronically excited NdO is a possible product of the chemistry associated with the release of Nd into the ionosphere, and emission from these states may contribute to the observations following such experiments. To better characterize the energetics and spectroscopy of NdO, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled NdO¯ anions (cryo-SEVI) supplemented by wavefunction-based quantum-chemical calculations. Using cryo-SEVI, we measure the electron affinity of NdO to be 1.0091(7) eV and resolve numerous transitions to low-lying electronic and vibrational states of NdO that are assigned with the aid of the electronic structure calculations. Additionally, temperature-dependent data suggests contributions from the (2)4.5 state of NdO¯ residing 2350 cm-1 above the ground anion state. Photodetachment to higher-lying excited states of NdO is also reported, which may help clarify observations from prior release experiments.