Long-lived Triplet State Formation Caused by Intramolecular Energy Hopping in Diphenylanthracene Dyads Oriented to Undergo Efficient Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion

Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA)-assisted photon upconversion (TTA-UC) in three dyads (DPA–Cn–DPA), comprised of two diphenylanthracene (DPA) moieties connected by nonconjugated C1, C2, and C3 linkages (Cn), has been investigated. The performance of these dyads as energy acceptors in the presence of the energy donor platinum octaethylporphyrin are characterized by longer triplet lifetimes (τ_T) and different TTA rate constants than those of the parent DPA. The larger τ_T of the linked systems, caused by “intramolecular energy hopping” in the triplet dyad ³DPA*–Cn–DPA, results in a low threshold intensity, a key characteristic of efficient TTA-UC.