Mechanism of 8-Aminoquinoline Directed Ni-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Functionalization: Paramagnetic Ni(II) Species, and the Deleterious Effect of Na2CO3 as a Base

03 February 2021, Version 2
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Studies into the mechanism of 8-aminoquinoline-directed nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)–H arylation with iodoarenes are described, in an attempt to determine the catalyst resting state and optimize catalytic performance. Paramagnetic complexes are identified that are undergo the key C–H activation step. Hammett analysis using electronically different aryl iodides suggests a concerted oxidative addition mechanism for the C–H functionalization step; DFT calculations were also performed to support this finding. When Na2CO3 is used as the base the rate determination step for C–H functionalization appears to be 8-aminoquinoline deprotonation and binding to Ni. The carbonate anion was also observed to provide a deleterious NMR inactive low-energy off-cycle resting state in catalysis. Replacement of Na2CO3 with NaOtBu not only improved catalysis at milder conditions but also eliminated the need for carboxylic acid and phosphine additives.

Keywords

Nickel
C(sp3)-H actiavtion
Arylation
8-aminoquinoline
Mechanism

Supplementary materials

Title
Description
Actions
Title
SI Mechanism Ni CH arylation SJ
Description
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